The Population And The Lowest Participation Rates

Target populations refer to the individuals with the lowest participation rates. The homeless population in Anchorage, Alaska was the target population chosen for this study because of the characteristics associated with the population. Homeless people find it more difficult to apply for, recertify, and maintain SNAP benefits because of transiency, instability, and a lack of basic resources. A homeless person for SNAP purposes â€Å"lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence and has a primary night time residency that is a shelter, half-way house, the home of someone else, or a place where people do not usually sleep such as a doorway or a car (Food Research and Action Center, 2011). With approximately 77,000 Alaskans rely on soup kitchens and food pantries annually, emergency food pantries and soup kitchens play a crucial role in providing food for Alaska’s low-income population. Access to the SNAP program is essential in helping meet the need. Hunger in Ameri ca, a survey conducted by Feeding America in 2010, presented information on the clients served by the Food Bank of Alaska. The study provided a comprehensive profile related to hunger and food insecurity experienced by people who access charitable feeding agencies. It focused on emergency food providers and clients but also provided information about clients that received SNAP benefits. Among all client households served by emergency food programs of The Food Bank of Alaska, 82% are food insecure (Mabli,Show MoreRelatedImmigrants Labour Market Outcome1248 Words   |  5 Pagesto understand the overall situation of immigrants’ labour market in the western provinces. The outcomes of immigrants’ labour market generally refer as the employment rate, unemployment rate, participation rate, income and permanent or temporary status. To examine the employment rate and unemployment rate, income and participation rate of immigrants’ labour forces helps us to understand t he contribution of immigrants’ labour force in our labour market. The analysis of the outcomes of immigrants’Read MoreThe Rate Of African Americans1220 Words   |  5 PagesParticipation was highest among Europeans with 60.3%, followed by Asians with a rate of 51.3% and Maori with 42.0% (Ministry of Health, 2015). Females were less likely to have a colonoscopy and below 1.5 times less likely to have a positive iFOBT result than males (Ministry of Health, 2015). This variation was found for each age group (Ministry of Health, 2015). Maori were slightly more likely to have a positive iFOBT result than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). Moreover, females were aboutRead MoreLiteracy Level And Educational Attainment1504 Words   |  7 Pagesnot been announced yet United Nations observed that 10% of the population has disability and there are about 120 million people with disabilities in India. Disability is difficult to define since it varies in type, form and intensity. Understanding disability will require understanding of these difference s. As per the World Health Organization; Disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, impairment is a problem in body function of structure;Read MoreThe Growth Of The Elderly Population779 Words   |  4 Pageslowering SNAP take-up rates than other age groups. The growing aging population created a downward trajectory for participation rates because as more become eligible for SNAP they continue to have one of the lowest rates of SNAP take-up. Additionally, the take-up among the aging population drastically varies by state impacting the overall participation rate among the subgroup. States that have a high proportion of eligible seniors living in rural areas have lower elderly SNAP take-up rates, than those statesRead MoreThe Importance Of A Training Program For Women851 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In Saudi Arabia, there is a need to activate the participation the role of women in the development process in the community. The role of female in Saudi society is to be a good mother and a good wife. Women in any society like men, and they have the same right to work. Women are less than half of Saudi society, and the estimated proportion of women in Saudi society is about 45% of the population. They have not an important and active role in the renaissance of the community. EducationRead MoreHomework Set 10 Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesand a population of 20 million, what would the unemployment rate equal? What would the labor force participation rate equal? 8.82% 85% 5. In 2000, a price index for medical care in the United States increased from 254 to 265. Based on these figures, compute the rate of inflation or percentage increase in prices for this industry. How does this price change compare to that across the economy that year? 6. If the nominal interest on my mortgage is 3.0 percent and the expected rate of inflationRead MoreThe Demographic Characteristics Of The Senior Population Has Changed Over Time1627 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics of the senior population has been changing over time. The rise in diversity and the geographic placement of seniors can provide an opportunity to examine their use of the social program SNAP. Characteristics of food insecurity such a geography and race correlate with higher rates of food insecurity and as these same characteristics continue to grow in the senior population. Since seniors have the lowest rates of SNAP participation versus other age groups, and their rates of food insecurity continueRead MoreYouth Participation In New Zealand973 Words   |  4 PagesLow youth participation in New Zealand’s political system has become a leading policy problem as enrolment rates have fallen over the last three general elections in younger age groups. This tren d highlights the challenge our government must confront to ensure a fair representation of the total population in political decision making. Only through the implementation of youth engagement strategies may New Zealand’s government increase future political youth involvement. This essay will examine theRead MoreIntroduction. Before Moving Into A New Neighborhood, There704 Words   |  3 Pagescrime rates, the quality of the educational institutions in the neighborhood as well as other neighborhood welfares. It is common for people who have children to move to districts with great educational services. On the contrary, people who do not have children will move out of these neighborhoods to avoid additional fees. Sometimes. These factors which affect people decisions to stay in or move out of the neighborhood interest me. This project will study the correlations between the population of DenverRead MoreThe Labor Movement Of The United States Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagessh arp decline after the Recession of 2007-2009, in comparison to the Great Depression. Labor force participation rate is a ratio in which the labor force is divided by the civilian non-institutional population 16 years of age or older. During an economic recession, unemployed workers get discouraged and stop looking for employment, dropping the participation rate drastically. Labor force participation used to be relatively low, it decreased during the 1970s 1980s, and 1990s, rising in 2000 and declining

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal Essay - 853 Words

As many minority groups in the United States have fought for their civil rights in past decades, it is the gay community that now finds itself striving for equal opportunities in our culturally diverse nation. Although they have already come a long way in the path of acceptance, most recently the gay community has had to confront extremist conservative groups who claim that allowing same-sex couples to join in a civilly recognized union violates the act of a traditional, sacred marriage. Gay and lesbian individuals feel that, like any other group, they should not be denied rights that are typically bestowed upon heterosexual couples who are recognized by the federal government. Certainly, there are states that have drafted and†¦show more content†¦Yet, their unions are considered valid and they reap the full benefits of matrimony afforded to any heterosexual pair. For the purpose of raising children, gay rights opponents argue that children do not belong in households headed by two people of the same sex. They worry that children living in such an environment will grow to be confused, and will be raised in unfavorable social conditions. Moreover, religious leaders who oppose gay rights reason that it is unjustifiable for the gay community to equate their fight for rights and recognition to that of racial equality. They argue that homosexuality is an immoral, chosen behavior that does not deserve special protection under the law, perh aps insinuating that gay individuals are only a fraction of the worth that any other human being is. In 1996 the United States Congress adopted the Federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which denies federal recognition of gay marriages and gives each state the right to decide whether to recognize gay marriage certificates issued in other states. It is because of this Act that many gay rights groups such as Gay and Lesbian Advocates and Defenders (GLAD), feel it is essential to fight for the right to be legally married and be recognized by the government. Said groups argue that only marriage will provide legal, social and emotional security for gay partners. An example of how permitting gay andShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Why U Should Not Disrespect a Non Commissioned Officer Free Essays

You should not disrespect a Non Commissioned Officer, because it can cause you problems. You can get counseled, corrective action, or united states code of military justice action. Disrespecting a Non Commissioned Officer can show the lack of respect you have for the rank and the person behind the rank. We will write a custom essay sample on Why U Should Not Disrespect a Non Commissioned Officer or any similar topic only for you Order Now You should always treat Non Commissioned Officers with the respect that they deserve. As a private you should do as you are told and when you are told to in a timely manner.Disrespect towards a Non Commissioned Officer should not be tolerated. It can lead to an article fifteen or possibley being chaptered out of the United States Army. You can also lose money and rank. If you want the respect of a Non Commissioned Officer, you have to show them the proper respect at all times. you should always follow orders and do the right thing when they are not around and when they are around. Even if you do not agree with what you were told to do, you should do it anyway. Because it was a direct order.Following orders are important. If you do as you are told, it will keep you out of trouble and possibly help with promotions later on. Disrespect should not be tolerated. If you show a Non Commissioned Officer the proper respect, they will show you the proper respect. Non Commissioned Officers deserve the proper respect. As a E-4 or below you should know your place in the chain of command. Article ninety-two of the united states code of military justice is failure to obey a order or regulation.Any person subject to this chapter, violates or fails to obey any lawful or general order or regulation. If you have knowledge of any other lawful order issued by any member of the armed forces, which it is his or her duty to obey. Fails to obey the order. It reflects in the performance of his or her duties. that soldier shall be punished. It can lead to an article fifteen, discharge or court martial. I should not have disrespected a non commissioned officer and i should have followed orders. I understand that disrespect will not be tolerated. How to cite Why U Should Not Disrespect a Non Commissioned Officer, Papers

Differeces Between Vietnamese and American Compliment free essay sample

Without her guidance, my thesis is far from completed. I would also like to thank Mrs. Tran Ngoc Yen (M. A) for her kindly support. She encourages me to have self- confidence to do this research. I want to acknowledge the help of Miss Sofia for her advice when I conduct the list of questionnaire. She provides important information that the author uses to have a suitable survey questions. My gratitude goes to Mr. Tinh (M. A) who teaches at ASEM Vietnam center for his essential materials and advice. Last but not least, I give a very special thanks to my family and classmates, who always stand by me, provide their emotional support through out the process I do this paper. Many people who communicate cross-cultural boundaries have experienced communication breakdowns with people from different first language backgrounds. It also happens to any one who wants to give compliment on a person from another country. We will write a custom essay sample on Differeces Between Vietnamese and American Compliment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main purpose of this thesis is to raise the aware of culture gap. It is done, focused on the comparison of the ways of giving compliment and responding to compliments between the English and the Vietnamese. Using the authenticable data from survey, which is conducted with 30 native speakers in each culture, this research is carried out with three sub-aims: (1) to find out similarities and differences between two cultures in the way they perform speech act of compliment; (2) to investigate the culture factors that have influence on the word choice of interlocutors; (3) to enrich the knowledge of second language learners about the importance of culture factor in leaning target language. The result also illustrates the fact that people in two cultures are very friendly. They tend to give compliments a lot. However, here and there still exists the traditional method of learning and teaching language, which focuses on rote memorization of grammatical and lexical components of language. The fact has proved that, it is not suitable in the development of modern society. It cannot help language learners become effective language users. To promote the knowledge of the learners about this problem there are many studies of famous theorists on kind of speech act such as: making request, asking for permission, giving apology. but not many of them focus on speech act of compliment. This is also the interesting topic attracting the author’s interest because it requires a great deal of pragmatic insight by the speaker and therefore are often rich with data that reveal the cultural orientation of language learners. In many languages, compliment responses require the language user to walk a delicate line between appearing too boastful or ungrateful depending on the way s/he responds to the compliment. ) Hopefully, this paper with realistic data base will provide useful material for language learners. 2. Data collecting procedure As one important part of this thesis, collecting data procedure took the author a rather long period of time to do it. This survey was conducted by 30 native informants in each culture. In this paper, the term â€Å"English† refers to the people who speak English as their mother tongue such as English, American, New Zealand, and Australia The questionnaire is the combination of open and close ended questions, which contain three main parts: The first one is to find some general information about informants which are used to explain some unexpected findings during the process of writing. The second part, the author asks the participants to rank the topics of compliment given by researcher into the order from 1 to 4, which stand for four groups â€Å"highly advisable, advisable, yes or no and inadvisable†. And the last is conducted with the aim to study in specific situations. There are two main situations set and ask informants to give their ideas about: How do they give compliment and respond to it. These compliments focus on two topics are: Appearance and achievement. Even though there are some inconveniences when completing this research, it is valuable and deserved to be considered. 3. Scope of the study This research focuses on the cross cultural study to find out the similarities and differences between the English and Vietnamese in the ways they give and respond to compliments. Determined by its aims, this paper tries to find the answers for three following questions: *What do people in the two cultures often compliment on? * How to give a good compliment? *What kind of strategies do they use to respond to compliments? The analysis is only based on the authentic result collected from the survey. Furthermore, it is because of the variety of language, this paper is considered in relative not restrict standard. Moreover, with the limitation of a graduation thesis, sometimes some factors can be omitted such as: age, marital statue, area of living. They are only taken into account when used to explain some information. In part two, only four popular topics are suggested, not the entire one in daily communication. It is similar in part three, the most popular topics in use with compliment in both cultures are appearance and ability. Besides, this thesis only focuses on different cultural aspect which aims to develop communicative skills.

What is a Superhero free essay sample

As a child my favorite superhero was Superman. I read the comics, awed at Christopher Reeve and even tried flying off my bed a couple of times. Clark Kent was the man, our only hope for when some alien robot spaceship would attack the weak race of humanity. You just don’t mess with the man who can dodge bullets! I maintained my firm belief that Superman was unbeatable until about seventh grade, my first year of junior high. I met my future best friend, Courtney, who I immediately clashed with at the lunch table. The first day a heated superhero debate ensued. She started with a simple off-hand comment, â€Å"Batman would win in any situation, and he doesn’t need superpowers to kick butt.† I laughed and retorted, â€Å"Well until you put him against superman.† And than it started, Courtney was pulling for Batman with her no-superpowers-equals-better argument; I fighting for Superman like Courtney was that alien robot spaceship that needed to be destroyed. We will write a custom essay sample on What is a Superhero? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It ended in a draw, with the terms that it would remain something of which we do not speak. Years passed, neither of us speaking of the dilemma. As the new Superman and Batman movies came out we had an unspoken agreement that we wouldn’t see them together. We grew closer as friends, even getting jobs together at McDonalds; a dirty job neither of us wanted to go into alone. But with our oldest manager being twenty seven, it was an interesting place to work. I was dubbed the name â€Å"Pantsmonster†, its roots being my last name and their supposed resemblance. We both came to realize how hard the work was but how easy it was to make friends.We all appreciated the work we did and had a blast doing it. When someone did an amazing job they were recognized for it and given the deserved respect. Though we worked our hardest and made everlasting friendships, there were still obstacles to overcome. The most memorable of these being a week long promotion we were running: double cheeseburgers for one dollar. Every day of this sale I was assigned the grilling job of meat and chicken. Though it seemed the lines were endless and the number of double cheeseburgers sold multiplied by the minute, I managed to keep my food levels bountiful; a feat that seemed near impossible. While doing this I also made sure my grill team stayed hydrated, constantly fetching drinks for the thirsty. From this day forward I was known as the Majestic Pantsmonster, master of the grills, beacon of light to the thirsty. To them I was a regular superhero, whose epic battle was the week long double cheeseburger fiasco. It dawned on me that to be considered a great superhero, superpowers are not required. You just need a body of people in need who are looking for someone to pull them through the hardest of times. Like Batman was to the people of Gotham. And though to this day I won’t admit it to Courtney, Batman will always be the greatest superhero in my book. His ability to fight crime and win while being powerless is truly iconic and inspiring. While he may just be a comic book character, his message to fight for what you believe in, even if you are just an everyday person, echoes in the extraordinary actions of ordinary people. As Batman waits for his next challenge, I await mine; whether it is next week at work or further into my future. I anticipate the obstacles that lie ahead, ready to leave my childish love of Superman behind.

The Scarlet Letter3 essays

The Scarlet Letter3 essays Arthur Dimmesdale's all consuming guilt over his role in Hester's plight affected every facet of his life and his relationship with his congregation as a clergyman. As we take a trip into Dimmesdale's inner passions, fears and anxiety, we will discover the honesty of revealing secrets that have been locked away. In order to depict his emotions from the character's own point of view, the remainder of this essay will be reflected from Dimmesdale's own perspective as I believe the events to have transpired. Standing on the scaffold with her arms encircling the child of our intimacy, her hair falling with such perfection, my heart throbs to be with her. I bear the agonizing threat of my shame, which inflicts me to sit on this balcony with men of authority, imperiously telling me to question the victim of sin whom I so adore. I speak words that would convince any other woman to profess the name of her fellow sinister, knowing that this concealed secret would maintain in only the two people that it is cherished. As for myself, I have been saved from physical awareness from others mockery and continue to claim my lawful place as a minister for the church. Leading the deceptions I have chosen to protect myself. As years of my life pass by me, I find there is no condolence in life, I see others mock my place as a man of God, though it is fantasized, my distress is far too harsh. The deterioration of my health was developed by my frequent concern for Hester and my daughter Pearl. My physician, Roger Chillingworth has taken a room in my home to administer medications to my failing body. Without the knowledge of how evil Dr. Chillingworth truly was, I subjected myself to pure torment of his harrowing bonds. The distorted creature was always leering my every move, as a hawk hunting its prey on the night of a barren winter's eve. With a hope of getting away from the townspeople and especially the "Black Man," Roger Chil ...

Abortion Essays (4361 words) - United States Law, Abortion

A couple decades ago, when abortion was illegal, thousands of women died because they did not want to bear an infant and attempted to terminate the child's life by themselves or with an unprofessional approach. After 1973's Supreme Court decision, which allowed women to have the choice to abortion, thousands of women were saved. Abortion can save thousands of lives of women and thus, should remain legal in the United States. Imagine you have a balance beam. On one side you have the physical life of an infant and on the other you have the mental and emotional life of a mother and her unwanted child. Which side can we, as civil humans, claim as more valuable? Up to this current day, abortion has become an exigent issue that faces everyone nationwide. As a moral and ethical issue, abortion is a dilemma for society. Abortion was illegal before the 1973 Supreme Court decision in the trial of Roe v. Wade, but now that abortion is legitimate, women have the freedom and the choice to live their life the way they want to. Albeit, abortion is criticized by religious sects in America and some of the public, the practice of abortion should remain legal in the U.S. because it allows a woman to choose her destiny and prevents unwanted children. Definitions are essential to define in this issue. Abortion is the forcible removal of a developing baby from the womb of his or her mother, using surgical, mechanical, or chemical means. Medical definition holds that abortion is any termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks. Medically defined, abortion is the "end of a pregnancy before viability." Therapeutic abortion is the termination of pregnancy via the intervention of a physician through surgery or the use of RU-486 or some other medications. Conception is a synonym for fertilization or creation. An embryo is a stage of prenatal mammalian development which extends from 2 to 8 weeks. Fertilization is the penetration of an ovum by a single sperm. A fetus is a stage of prenatal mammalian development which extends from 9 weeks after fertilization. Miscarriage is the interruption of pregnancy prior to the 7th month, usually used to refer to an expulsion of the fetus which starts without being induced by medical intervention. About a quarter of all pregnancies end in a miscarriage. An ovum is the mature sex cell generated by females in an ovary. Trimester is a period lasting nominally 3 months. A human pregnancy is often divided into three trimesters, from fertilization from birth. From a historical perspective, the purpose of abortion has been undoubtedly to act as a life saver for both child and mother. In the two decades before abortion was legal in America, it's been estimated that about one million women per year underwent illegal abortions. In the process, thousands of American women died and thousands more were maimed. Whenever a society outlaws abortions, it induces the women to seek abortions in the back alleys where they become deleterious, exorbitant, and tarnishing. Thus, to protect the woman's life, we must keep abortion legal in America. According to abortion statistics from the Alan Guttmacher Institute, about 15,000 women have had abortions each year because they become pregnant as a result of rape or incest. Fortunately, the nation's leaders were able to stop this butchery of women. In Roe v. Wade, a landmark Supreme Court decision in 1973, stated that a woman and her doctor may freely decide to abort a pregnancy during the first trimester, sta te governments can restrict abortion access after the first trimester with laws intended to protect the woman's health, and abortion after fetal viability must be available if the woman's health or life are at risk. In other situations, state governments have the right to prohibit abortions. Abortion, thereby, became authorized in the United States of America because the court decided to preserve the right to choose an abortion as a constitutionally protected liberty. It is possible for one to be supportive of abortion on a political level, but against abortion on a personal level. Although many individuals say this notion is contradictory, different people evidently have different morals and values based on religion, from parents, friends, family, experience, and knowledge.